Argument against Megan McArdles Article

Contention against Megan McArdles Article The article Tenure: An Idea Whose Time Has Gone by Megan McArdle contends that the residency framework, which is utilized by numerous universities in the nation, has little legitimacy and ought to thusly be discarded. The writer, who is a holder of a MBA from the University of Chicago, is knowledgeable with how the framework works.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Argument against Megan McArdle’s Article explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More She contends that the residency framework is an old framework that ensures occupations after a concise trial procedure to college and school mentors whose commitment in the organization is now and then negligible. I can't help contradicting the cases made by McArdle that the tenor framework is inefficient and has outlasted its handiness. In this paper, I will feature the focuses made by the creator which I don't concur with and continue to help my remain on the issue in order to show that the residenc y framework is as yet pertinent today. McArdle contends that residency brings about an absence of responsibility since once residency has been acquired; the should be serious in instructing is evacuated since there is work ensure. She further shows that teachers who get residency are at freedom to enjoy their scholarly advantages and this negatively affects the understudies under their charge since the educator commits the vast majority of his opportunity to his inclinations. This announcement by McArdle is a speculation which may not really be valid for all tenured staff. The facts confirm that a few teachers lose it by their scholarly interests and contribute little information to their understudies, yet this are the minority. Greater part of the tenured educators include their understudies in their scholarly interests as understudy research partners and help to promote the information on the students.Advertising Looking for paper on instruction? We should check whether we can sup port you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I feel that McArdle presents an insufficient contention when she attests that the nature of grant delivered because of residency is just significant to a bunch of researchers in a similar field. McArdle implies that examination and grant ought to have a wide shopper base in order to be viewed as important. The truth of the matter is that many tenured work force in colleges are specialists in unmistakable fields. While their examination work can have applications that are important for all people, their exploration works and distributions must be comprehended by researchers who are capable in the specific field. The way that solitary a bunch of researchers can value the examination subsequently doesn't reduce the estimation of the work done by the tenured staff as the creator recommends. McArdle likewise expresses that residency is an inefficient framework since the expenses of keeping up the framework are extremely high. While t he facts confirm that residency framework has a high fiscal cost, the scholastic organizations which utilize the framework do so enthusiastically in light of the fact that they see its focal points. Residency empowers scholastic foundations to draw in and hold the most brilliant personalities that would somehow or another be pulled by the huge compensation that private segment enterprises offer. While there are different methods for pulling in top notch psyches to instructive organizations, this implies are pricey since they require adequate money related motivating forces to contend with the private enterprises. The framework additionally makes the tenured staff faithful to the organization on account of the employer stability they have. McArdle likewise contends that the majority of the researchers who are secured by the residency framework are old scholastics who are not creating any beneficial examination. The writer announces that the individuals secured by residency are old (i n their sixties) and not delivering any earth shattering new research.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Argument against Megan McArdle’s Article explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More She along these lines contends that the youngsters who are equipped for thinking of weighty examination are denied the residency that would help them to work with relative opportunity. This announcement is misdirecting since in the first place, the creator recognizes that most scholastics get residency between the age of 30 and 40 years. At this age, the scholastics can create way breaking new exploration that can have numerous positive effects on the general public. McArdle questions the insightful capability of the people who obtain residency. She expresses that residency brings about inept coaches being kept up by the establishment notwithstanding their horrible showings. I can't help contradicting this view since residency is given to individuals from staff w ho exhibit solid scholastic abilities and a profound pledge to their subjects. This is clear from the rigid prerequisites for residency, for example, getting distributed in a sound diary. In numerous colleges and universities, there is a thorough strategy for recognizing contender for residency which guarantees nature of grant. McArdle herself concedes that the stakes for residency have been raised and representatives are reviewed cautiously before being given residency. Researchers who are clumsy are hence liable to be distinguished and expelled from the residency track. McArdle states that while the residency framework should protect the soul of free request at our countries school, it isn't satisfying this reason since the residency procedure expels radical components and rather offers residency to those scholastics who demonstrate academic responsibility to the office. This supposition that isn't right since residency is offered to scholastics on merit and not because of their l oyalties to the department.Advertising Searching for exposition on instruction? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More From the earliest starting point, the residency framework was made to guarantee singular security and improve a more liberated mentally imaginative environment by shielding skillful staff from excusal and lessening their responsibility to the organization. In this paper, I set out to contend that the contentions given in the article â€Å"Tenure: An Idea Whose Time Has Gone by Megan McArdle aren't right since they neglect to completely enlighten the theme. I started by taking note of that while the writer is in a place of power to compose regarding the matter, she neglects to make a solid contention for her body of evidence against the residency framework. Through this paper, I have given my perspectives on the theme and safeguarded the residency framework. The residency framework despite everything stays to be one of the methods by which scholastic opportunity can be safeguarded in our instructive establishments. This framework which has been in existent for quite a long time is si gnificant and its reality ought to be secured. McArdle, Megan. â€Å"Tenure: An Idea whose time has gone†. The Atlantic. 21 July 2010. Web. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/document/2010/07/residency a thought whose-time-has-gone/60187/.

ATHENS VS SPARTA essays

ATHENS VS SPARTA expositions Athens and Sparta were two significant civic establishments. Each had their own convictions, ethics, customs, and things that set them apart. They each lived in various regions of the world. Sparta was exceptionally separated, and Athens was an exchange capital of the world. They each had their own fights, wars and issues inside their regarded nations. The two of them had diverse government frameworks just as scholarly convictions. At long last it was this various convictions and selfish pioneers that would carry the two civic establishments to their definitive ruin. Sparta is an extraordinary exceptional country. They sit inland a lot and are disconnected from exchange and from spread of different nations customs. Around 725 B.C.E. Sparta vanquished their neighbors, the Messcenians. At that point Sparta made them their slaves. The term they utilized for them were helots. The helots out numbered the Spartans 160,000 to 32,000. Since the helots dwarf the Spartans to such an extent, a revolt was unavoidable, these rebellions prompted the rise of an administration called the Lycurgan laws. Lycurgeous thought of this thought of government. Fundamentally, there were two lords, which were accountable for the military armed force. The lords had the ability to veto one another, so this made it difficult for them to focus on a war, except if the two rulers were agreeable to it. Next we have the Ephors, there were five of them and they essentially controlled the helots. They Ephors additionally were responsible for worldwide undertakings. The Gerousia were comprised of 30 men, and they held all legal force and choices. They couldn't propose or pass any laws. The Assembly comprised of all guys more than thirty. They were the last power however by and by, banter was carried on by officers, seniors, and rulers alone, and casting a ballot was for the most part by applause. On the off chance that you notice there is no genuine force with any of the official workplaces. This was deliberately it figured in a lot of balanced governance between all gatherings of... <!

How to Avoid Making the 6 Most Crucial Wordpress Mistakes

How to Avoid Making the 6 Most Crucial Wordpress Mistakes When it comes to open source content publishing systems, there is no arguing that WordPress is one of the most popular names in the world today, being used by individuals and businesses alike. With its many powerful features and versatility, it comes as no surprise that even larger companies and organizations make use of WordPress for its content management and publishing.Just take a look at the big names that make use of WordPress as its content management system (CMS): Google, eBay, Facebook, Sony, LinkedIn, to name a few. This article provides you with insights on 1) why to use WordPress as your CMS and 2) the 6 most common mistakes when using WordPress.WHY WORDPRESS?If we are to name the top reasons why WordPress is highly recommended, one of them would be its variety of plug-and-play plugins, which allows for greater convenience and freedom on the part of the users, and pretty much guarantees versatility. It makes the whole thing low-maintenance, without compromising on performance and features. If you take a look at the many things you can do using WordPress plugins, you will definitely be amazed at how much you are missing out. The fact that these plugins are regularly updated also adds to that convenience.WordPress is also known for making everything look so easy. Yes, ease of use ranks high on the list of many users when looking for a platform to use, and WordPress certainly has it in spades. Users are often turned off by the idea of starting a blog, or managing one, because it seems like a daun ting task. They are under the impression that they have to learn (and master) coding, and the various tech tasks that go with it.With WordPress, everything is simplified, so even those who have zero knowledge about coding and complex CMS can easily learn to manage their own database and content.Perhaps the greatest strength of WordPress as a platform is how user-friendly it is. It is easy to learn and use, it is versatile and powerful, and it can make even an amateur look like a professional coder with just a few choice clicks and button selections.But even the most user-friendly platform does not guarantee that mistakes do not happen. WordPress users also find themselves committing some crucial mistakes; often, they don’t even realize that they are making these blunders! It is time to take a look at the most common and crucial WordPress mistakes, so you can find out whether you are doing things right or not, and also look into ways to avoid repeating these mistakes in the future. COMMON WORDPRESS MISTAKES, AND HOW TO AVOID THEMJust because WordPress is easy to use means that many users tend to be complacent about it, and they overlook even the most minor details. Unfortunately, some of these so-called little or minor things can have not-so-little impact or implications.Mistake #1: Failure to Update WordPress and its pluginsWordPress periodically publishes new releases or versions, as well as updates on security and maintenance and even bug fixes. In 2013 alone, WordPress had 7 releases, 8 in 2014 and, 10 in 2015. Most of the releases were security and maintenance releases which, when left un-updated, will render your content vulnerable to security issues.Similarly, plugins developers are also continuously keeping their plugins up to date with the latest releases or versions of WordPress. They also make it a point to be on the lookout for security problems, so they can develop patches or ways to fix bugs. Once they do, they release these plugin updates.Unfort unately, many users overlook updating their WordPress version or even those of their plugins. Part of the reason is because they find it too tedious. In updating plugins, for example, many users are not too keen on checking their plugins one by one and updating them one at a time.Never forget to update; if you do, you are missing out on a whole lot of WordPress’ newest and cutting-edge features, as well as new themes and utilities to make content management and publishing much easier, faster and convenient.How to Avoid ItUpdate your WordPress version to the latest release. WordPress Version 3.7, which came out in October 2013, came with the “Automatic Background Updates”, which is essentially an “updates while you sleep feature”. These are then carried over to the later releases. This feature enables updates to automatically run in the background.But do not rely wholly on this feature. You should also take some time to regularly check your plugins if they are properly upda ting, and if the updates do not result to incompatibility issues. Being able to catch problems early, before they can cause bigger problems, will be to your advantage.It is also a good idea to keep yourself updated on the latest and best WordPress plugins out there. Keep in mind that developers are always hard at work to come up with plugins that you can actually use, and if you are not alert enough, you might be missing on the best plugins that can improve your website as a whole.But do not go on a plugin downloading and installing spree, because you might end up slowing down your website with too many plugins, more than half of which are unnecessary and just making your website run slowly due to compatibility issues and conflicts. Pick only the ones that you need, and the ones that actually work best for your website. If you have plugins that you are no longer using, deactivate them or completely remove them.Mistake #2: Failure to Back up Your SiteThere is nothing more frustrating than applying an update, only to realize later on that you’ve lost a huge chunk of content that you have laboriously worked on and maintained for lengthy periods. All that content, gone in less than 5 seconds â€" and all because you were not able to properly back up your site.There is a tendency for many users to wholly rely on technology taking care of the minute details, such as making sure their content is stored. Well, technology is growing by leaps and bounds, and things are bound to happen. Unexpected crashes, hacks and accidents can take place, and you can lose important and precious content if you do not backup properly.How to Avoid ItAlways make backing up your site a habit, especially before you apply any updates or upgrades. Fortunately, there are now several tools that you can use to back up your site easily, quickly and efficiently.In case something goes wrong, restoring the database will be easier, since you already have a backup. Backing up can be done by using too ls and programs such as cPanel, phpMyAdmin, and various MySQL GUI tools. There are also several WordPress Database Backup Plugins that can be accessed and downloaded from the WordPress plugins directory.One of the most popular WordPress backup plugins is BackupBuddy from iThemes. It seems to share WordPress’ philosophy of being user-friendly, because it is also designed to be easy to use. While other backup plugins focus mainly on the database, BackupBuddy has a more holistic approach, since it backs up your whole WordPress installation. That means that it’s not just the database that is backed up, it also includes the themes, widgets, plugins and various other settings in place.Premium users, especially those who maintain multiple sites on WordPress, may try the VaultPress plugin.There is also the automatic backup plugin WP-DB-Backup, which allows users to easily backup their core WordPress database tables.Be careful, though: do not just rely on automatic backups. You should al so back up your auto backups further with manual backups. It is better to be safe than sorry, they say. And do not just perform partial backups; make sure you do full backups, just to cover all your bases.And it shouldn’t end there. Once users performed the backup process, they may end up leaving it lying around. This is a huge no-no. Make sure that you keep your backup in a separate storage, just to be sure. Other more prudent users make a point to back up their site to cloud or on an online storage facility AND back up it again onto a CD, DVD, or an external hard drive. This is basically backing up your backup.Follow these simple instructions to manually backup your content from your hosting companys cpanel. Mistake #3: Not Making the WordPress Site Mobile-FriendlyMore and more users are using their smartphones and other mobile devices to access the internet, and a larger chunk of online traffic can be traced back to mobile users. You might not know it, but you may be missing ou t on sizable amount of traffic for your website, for the simple reason that it is not mobile user-friendly.How to Avoid ItMake sure that your website is customized for smartphones and mobile devices. This can be easily accomplished by choosing a WordPress theme designed for access and viewing on smartphones, tablets and other similar devices. Fortunately, there are now a lot of such themes that you can choose from.Another way to go about it is by using a plugin intended for exactly that purpose. A popular mobile plugin is WPTouch, which automatically adds a mobile theme for your WordPress site, so that mobile visitors can easily navigate it using their mobile devices.Mistake #4: Not Bothering with Search Engine OptimizationHaving a very good WordPress site with equally very good content will be all for nothing if your site does not get noticed, and one way to get eyes drawn to your site is by making sure it appears in search engine results. This is where SEO â€" or Search Engine Opt imization â€" comes into play.Unfortunately, there are still many users who do not fully realize the potential of SEO and how it could help them get the recognition that they want. They just fill their site with great content, and “hope for the best”. This won’t get them very far, if at all.How to Avoid ItYou might not know it, but you can configure your site’s pages for SEO. A few tweaks here and there can make all the difference between getting your post noticed, and having it buried along with millions of other content that go unread. WordPress made this easier by coming up with the All in One SEO Pack Pro plugin, which pretty much makes it easy for any user to customize each individual post’s or page’s search engine settings.Other SEO plugins that you should consider installing, aside from the All in One SEO Pack, are SEO Friendly Images, SEO Ultimate, and the Google XML Sitemaps. The last one is especially recommended by many experts, since it is effective in helpin g search engines index your WordPress site better. Upon installing it, it will generate a special XML sitemap, which shows the structure of the content in your WordPress website, allowing search engines to take note of it much faster and clearer.You should also pay attention to your permalink structure. There are WordPress users who tend to just stick to the default permalink structure, which pretty much renders their URLs very weak in terms of SEO. The backlinks will be greatly affected since there is a high chance in the future that the URLs would have changed. What you should do is to change the default to another structure. It is also good for SEO if you use a URL structure that contains keywords.A quick fix that some experts recommend is using the Post Name structure, where the title of the post itself will be used as the URL.Mistake #5: Not Investing in Their WordPress SiteThis is a reality that some users seem to have difficulty accepting: if they want good value, they should pay for it. So they end up choosing free themes (because they refuse to spend money on paid themes), so they are left with very little to no customization options. The result is a plain, boring-looking website design. While there is nothing wrong with the free plugins, there is just no denying the fact that the plugins that must be paid for have more features.Cheap web hosting, more often than not, is exactly that: cheap. The most common problem encountered when using cheap web hosting for your WordPress site is frequent downtimes. This happens when there is overuse, or their servers are flooded.How to Avoid ItInvest, but invest wisely. If you have to shell out several dollars for a very good theme â€" one that suits the content perfectly â€" then do so. Pick from among the many recommended web hosting service providers. Shop around, especially if you are on a tight budget. Remember: it is an investment, and it will give you returns eventually, provided you made the right investmen t decisions. We have had very good hosting experience with bluehost when we started out with our blogging.Those who are looking to enhance their WordPress websites without spending money tend to look into shady sources for themes and plugins. Sadly, there are a lot of them out there, and they are definitely tempting. However, there is also the risk that their themes and plugins come with malicious codes which are potential come-ons for hackers to mess around with your website. When buying anything for your WordPress site, buy only from reputable sources.Mistake #6: Not Moderating ContentNow here is another mistake often committed by WordPress users. They focus too much on the technical side of things â€" the design, the customization, the themes â€" but then they forget that the reason people visit a website is primarily for the content.How to Avoid ItPay attention to every detail of content you put up on your WordPress site.Make content relevant and complete. Is it useful? Will the readers actually be interested? And is the content presented in such a way that will catch their attention and get positive â€" or any, for that matter â€" reaction from them? The best way to go about this is to put yourself in the shoes of your readers. Would you be interested to read it, and would you look forward to reading more? Here’s another sticking point for many users: some of them tend to publish incomplete posts, whether intentionally or by accident. This is why you must be cautious when making posts. Check, double-check, and triple-check, before clicking on the Publish button.Optimize images. This involves making sure that the images you use are relevant to the post you are making, and that they are formatted properly. This means taking into account details such as the image dimensions, file sizes, and the like.Moderate comments. It may take a while before your website attracts active commenters, and when they do, make sure that you moderate the comments. This is so t hat you can maintain the quality of your website and its content, and also keep bots from spamming your posts. You may also install plugins specially designed against spam, the most popular of which is Akismet.Be consistent. The frequency of updates in your website will also help your site’s branding and marketing. It makes no sense if your WordPress version is up to date, and your plugins are regularly updated, but content is updated once every two months. Be current. Be updated.We can name many other mistakes committed by WordPress users, but these, by far, are the most common ones.

Reasons Of Failure Of Lehman Brothers Mortgage Company Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2073 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The proposals broad-area-of-study is financial performance within Management accounting and strategy. The notion will examine the association/relationship among the works of intellectual-capital (structural-capital and human-capital) and financial and non-financial performance in financial service industry (intermediary) in developed-country within foreign branch/foreign establishment in international/multinational companies. The motivation behind this research is recognizing core elements/ variables to control/restrict/limit (for future organization) thus are most responsible to transfer crunch/ bankruptcy cause leapt of great depression/ recession to sustain and retain the advent of globalization. The roots of research are global financial crisis 2007 and 2008, has passed through various stages exposed pervasive weaknesses in global financial system and regulatory frame work in financial service industry which created negative impact/image of globalization and international /multinational financial companies among public and within firms/country boundary. The specific/narrow focus of research is to choose one (single business such as mortgage loan or treasury)  []  of bankrupt international /multinational financial firm (such as Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and many more*) to analyze. Additionally the studys contribution to extract literature to resist, control and limit expansion/ further financial disaster for developed and developing countries in term of maintaining respected economy of country. Research questions and aim of study The aim of study is to explore and examine of intellectual capital and performance quality/measurement such as financial and non-financial in bankrupt financial service company (i.e Lehman) though they seek out a reliable relationship in business performance, that tend to expose the pervasive weakness in this financial system and regulatory frame work. Additionally find how to rescue strong foreign branches from catastrophe to limit financial crisis with countrys boundary to prolong and save the allure/benefits of globalization for to maintain confidence of future potential investor and financial corporations. The research questions that the study would explore are; Was the Lehman strategy effective to carry business? If so, what was the blunder/ritual they made/feel by intellectual capital to gain more profit? Was a Lehman Brothers evaluating its intellectual capital? If so, how can they do it? Was there flaw to continue? If not, can a model for evaluating intellectual capital be developed? Was there an optimal mix of intellectual capital components? Were they evaluating their financial performance? If so, how? What factors contribute to performance? Is there relationship between the components of intellectual capital and financial performance in Lehmen Brothers? How might the current methods of measuring intellectual capital and bu siness performance be improved? Does culture impact on measuring intellectual capital and management? Can we limit the financial crisis within countrys boundary to rescue foreign branch/establishment? If so, what are variable to restrict to limit crisis? Background and motivation Some of the formal/Official economic data presented that extensive number of nations bearing recession as of early 2009. First of all US had suffered recession at the end of 2007, and 2008 and many other nations swallow the effect  [1]  . United States recession: In the United States recession notably throw by housing market correction (a potential effect of United States housing bubble) and subprime mortgage crisis. According to 2008/2009 recession is considering personal spending fall for the first time in last 20 years. It specifies the intensity and harshness of the current recession as shown lower consumer confidence and recovery acquire in long period of time. U.S. population has been tough knock by the current recession because of two reasons 01. Value of houses was falling and 02. Personal pension-savings devastate on the financial market. The individuals were helpless gazed at their wealth being furrowed along with scare of losing jobs as marked by rise in unemployment rate  [2]  . In the U.S. February 2008, 63,000 jobs discarded  [3]  in five years. On April 6, 2008 Alan Greenspan, Ex-chairman of Federal Reserve indicated 50% probability of US suffer recession  [4]  . Furthermore The Bureau of Economic Analysis also accounted more 156,000 jobs had been vanished in September. On April 29, 2008, Moodys acclaimed that nine US states are in recession. In November 2008 company eradicate 533,000 jobs, the largest single month hammering in 34 years  [5]  . As to accumulate the loss for 2008, a projected 2.6 million U.S. jobs were abolished  [6]  . In March 2009 the unemployment rate of US rise to 8.5 percent, and 5.1 million people become job less since the recession commenced in December 2007  [7]  . Some analysts acknowledged that due to a prolonged credit crisis and wild inflation in supplies such as oil, food and steel, the United States was however in a recession  [8]  . Also showed 6.4% cry off decline in spending all through Q3  [1]  on non-durable commodities, i.e. garments and foodstuff, this is biggest hit since 1950  [9]  . The United Stated had been suffering from a recession (once economy boomed), depend on a number of economic indicators such as job sufferers, sharp turn down in personal income, and drop in real GDP  [10]  . With the formal acclamation of The National Bureau of Economic Research and Most of economists assumed that the recession have ended  [11]  . But they had not made this official determination until July 2003 that the NBER publicize its official determination. Effect over world: The United States financial crisis has resounded around the gl obe. The crisis not only weakened the US national economy but also spoiling around the world  [12]  i.e fall of stock price can been observed globally  [13]  . The various media highlighted effects over other countries economy i.e New Delhi news pointed towards the effect over India, China, and Russia  [14]  . The newsweek.com making US  [15]  responsible for China, Mexico, France, Britain, South Korea, Germany, Beijing and Japan. In Australia, share holders and superannuation funds have suffered significant losses. Many ordinary Australians will be forced to bear the brunt of the US crisis via diminished retirement income and being forced to work beyond their planned retirement age  [16]  . An other Literature referring ten countries suffering by United States financial crisis: including  [17]  China, Brazil; Latin American, Romania, Thailand, North Korea, Iran, Malaysia, Morocco and The United Arab Emirates for various reasons but all they one thin g common is connectivity of Business and business market. Fall of Lehman Brothers The fall down of the Lehman Brothers is one of the most unpredictable and adverse consequences of the global financial crisis. When on 15 September 2008, the company submitted for relief under Bankruptcy Code (Chapter 11). The journey of 158 years comes to end, started from Two cotton brokers in Montgomery, Ala established the bank in 1850, then steadily developed and after civil war Lehman banks headquarters shifted to New York City with a new name Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. and gripe over the globe facilitating regional headquarters mainly in Tokyo and London. In the life of 158 years, the Lehman Holdings Inc. provided quality services in financial market in different sectors investment, private banking, equity, research, fixed-income sales, management and private equity. It was the fourth largest US investment bank with a record of over 158 years and a perennial credit rating of A or above. Every body shocked when they heard such news a bank of these standings collapsed overnight, taking with it the loss of the market liquidity. On September 15, 2008 Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. including Lehman Holdings and its subsidiaries commence Chapter 11 bankruptcy at US Court of Southern District New York with the loss of roughly $768 billion and assets worth around $639 billion, become biggest bankruptcy in US history  [18]  . The unexpected fall down of the Lehman Brothers has originated not only suffering among local and global investors, but also created extensive anxiety in the general public particularly regarding confidence over financial investments and its aggravates the public how to anticipated length of life regarding future investments. Condition of foreign subsidiary/branches/establishment Sixteen Distributing Banks of Lehman Brothers Minibonds announce that they are offering investors a scheme for the repurchase of Minibonds  [19]  . The bankruptcy of Lehman wounded its foreign subsidiaries such as UKs subsidiary with the PricewaterhouseCoopers, Lehman Brothers International (Europe), Lehman Holdings principal European broker-dealer. Moreover, two Japanese subsidiaries of Lehman Holdings submitted bankruptcy in District Court of Tokyo for  ¥4 trillion ($38 billion) in mutual liabilities, this is considered as the countrys second-largest crumple since World War II  [20]  . For that reason the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Japans Financial Services Agency have ordered Lehman to postpone its Japanese operations and the firm will only be allowed to deal to accomplish existing contracts and to convalesce client assets. Further, Lehman has ended to trade on the Hong Kong Securities Exchange and the Hong Kong Futures Exchange until further notice. It is also created a tragedy in UK Lehman employees about 5000 were jobless. Such conditions created throbbing and impious ambiance for public in t erms of creating anxiety, unemployment, inflation that can cause obstacle in way of life. Methodology The literature can be identified a variety of research methodologies that are used (interview, questionnaire, survey of annual reports, focus groups) to evaluate intellectual capital. Interviews and questionnaires were often used to supplement each other. Given this background I projected to use a triangulated approach drawing on qualitative and quantitative research methods. The ultimate objective could be a qualitative score or index that can be manipulated, however the process of building the index would require that components of intellectual capital be measured and valued and this is often a highly subjective exercise requiring input from several diverse perspectives. The steps that would be taken would include a series of qualitative interviews to identify the components of intellectual capital that are applicable to financial firm. Using the information provided from the interviews together with indicators develop a set of constructs that would be incorporated into a questionnaire using a point scale. This questionnaire that would be used to evaluate intellectual capital would consist of statements that intend to operationally and reflect the constructs mentioned. In addition, these statements would be weighted according to their importance and relevance for optimizing the value creating activities in the financial corporations. This questionnaire would be piloted, refined and administered. The data would be recoded to reflect scores and indices using some form of weighting according to their relative importance. The proposed indices would be presented to a range of stakeholders for comments and refinement. Data from the Lehman Brothers on organizational performance both financial and operational would be collected. The data on performance measures would be cross-referenced to data from a number of financial agencies for establishing benchma rks. Also, data collected from a strong/healthy foreign branch/establishment to find out indifferent structural framework, policy if they do carried to way-out to rescue future occurrence. Purpose of Study is qualitative and quantitative falling in both categories exploratory and descriptive study because some issue like intellectual-capital-relationship in financial firms has no available information on how similar problems or research issue had been solved in the past? and also descriptive nature because of quantitative data measurement i.e. financial-business-performance. Type of Investigation this is co-relational study because multiple factors that influence one and other the problem in a chainlike fashion. Therefore it is require identifying crucial factors, which are associated with the problem. Study Setting as described above the study is co-relational therefore study can be done in natural environment where the works precede normally as field study so this is n on-contrived setting. The concern is that our unit of analysis is no more exist and had bankrupt. Unit of analysis refer to the level of aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data analysis stage. The research main unit of analysis is organization (such as to examine organizational performance as a whole), Secondly the individual (to analyze intellectual capital) and minor the group the division (to cope with cultural and foreign branches/establishment). Time Horizon of our research is can be cross-sectional in determining performance perspectives, and longitudinal in subject of studying people behavior. Conclusion The contribution that this research should make to extract literature to resist, control and limit expansion/ further financial disaster for developed and developing countries in term of maintaining respected economy of their country and way-out to rescue strong foreign branches from catastrophe to limit financial crisis with countrys boun dary to prolong and save the allure/benefits of globalization for to maintain confidence of future potential investor and financial corporations. Additionally, this research finding should also assist them in their recruiting of personnel, acquisition of fixed assets and deployment of other resources to ensure that they are competitive and ensure secure ways to do business. This research should also contribute to the extant literature by providing a model for evaluating intellectual capital in the financial industry as well as on the appropriate mix of people, technology and physical assets in the organisation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reasons Of Failure Of Lehman Brothers Mortgage Company Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Case Notes Employment Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2191 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Employment Essay Did you like this example? Case Notes Nicholas Sheridan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ref NS1 Background I had a meeting today with Nicolas Sheridan Tuesday the 5th of October 2013. Nicholas is in full time permanent employment with Home Securities. He made an appointment today in relation to concerns he has about his job security with his employer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Home Securitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Notes Employment Law" essay for you Create order Nicolas talked me through his work, his duties and the hours he works. He brought to my attention his working conditions and his working environment. As a result of his environment and excessive working hours he has had to seek medical help in dealing with theses issues and subsequently has been diagnosed as suffering with depression and anxiety. He believes this can be attributed to his working conditions and the excessively long hours he works mostly by himself. He mentioned he has to put in the extra hours on a regular basis over and above what his contract states. Nicholas mentioned that due to the recent diagnosis of depression he has had to take several weeks off work to recuperate and he is concerned as his employers do not appear to be happy with the amount of time he has had off. As Nicolas has been diagnosed with depression this is classed as a disability. Under the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Employment Equality Acts [1998 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2011]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  it details in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Section (a) For the purposes of this Act, a person who has a disability shall not be regarded as other than fully competent to undertake, and fully capable of undertaking, any duties if, with the assistance of special treatment or facilities, such person would be fully competent to undertake, and be fully capable of undertaking, those dutiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An employer shall do all that is reasonable to accommodate the needs of a person who has a disability by providing special treatment or facilities to which paragraph (a) relates.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Based on this his employer will have to put Nicolas back on day shifts and reduce the amount of hours. It cannot be deemed as unreasonable to work on the day shift to accommodate his illness since there are day shifts available. Nicolas mentioned there are companies they work for where two or more security guards are required so he could be put on a shift where he is not isolated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A refusal or failure to provide for special treatment or facilities to which paragraph (a) relates shall not be deemed reasonable unless such provision would give rise to a cost, other than a nominal cost, to the employer.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  There should be no cost to the employer to put Nicolas on day shifts and reduce the amount of hours he works and to put him on a shift where he works with other security guards. When looking at point B above and the information that Nicolas has provided I can also refer him to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Organisation of working time Act ( 1997)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In this Act working time is referred to as time spent at employers disposal carrying out duties or tasks and is limited to a maximum of forty eight hours per hours per week with some shifts in the week including mandatory breaks with defined rest periods. My client has shown me his time sheets which confirms he regularly works in excess of sixty hours per week. I noted some shifts are in excess of 12 hours each. This is in direct violation of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Organisation of working time Act ( 1997)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the act is states in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Section 15.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ (1) An employer shall not permit an employee to work, in each period of 7 days, more than an average of 48 hours, that is to say an average of 48 hours calculated over a period (hereafter in this section referred to as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“reference period à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) that does not exceedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  4 months, or 6 monthsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  (i) in the case of an employee employed in an activity referred to in paragraph 2, point 2.1. of Article 17 of the Council Directive, or (ii)where due to any matter referred to in section 5 , it would not be practicable (if a reference period not exceeding 4 months were to apply in relation to the employee) for the employer to comply with this subsectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  From the case history I can agree that his medical condition is closely linked to his working environment. Nicolas is suffering from depression that has been confirmed by his GP. In light of this I also reviewed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, (2005)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  where this also mentions that depression falls under the umbrella of a disability This Act obligates employers to ensure they do everything reasonably practicable to ensure the safety, welfare and health of their employees. In light of this I asked Nicolas had he informed his employer that that the stress he was under was related to his work environment and the shifts he was put on and he advised me no he did not. He advised me that the certificate from the GP stated that he was unfit for work and that it did not specify that he had mental health issues. I referred him to the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Barber (Appellant) v. Somerset County Council (Respondents)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  where in paragraph 43 in the judgment from Lord Justice Hale she detailed a number of practical propositions applicable to cases where complaint is made of psychiatric illness brought about by stress at workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I can link her judgment directly linked to Nicolasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(3)Foreseeability depends upon what the employer knows (or ought reasonably to know) about the individual employee. Because of the nature of mental disorder it is harder to foresee than physical injury, but may be easier to foresee in a known individual than in the population at large à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ An employer is usually entitled to assume that the employee can withstand the normal pressures of the job unless he knows of some parti cular problem or vulnerability.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Based on this comment from Lord Justice Hale Nicolas needs to inform his employer of his mental health issues however he has complained about the excessive working hours. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(7)To trigger a duty to take steps, the indications of impending harm to health arising from stress at work must be plain enough for any reasonable employer to realise that he should do something about ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  I asked Nicolasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s would his employer know he was stressed at work and he said no as he works alone on the night shift and his employer would not see him. I asked had he communicated to his line manager about being stressed and he said no but that he has complained about the excessive working hours. I referred him to the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Intel Incorporation (UK) Ltd v Daw, Court of Appeal [2007]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In this case the employee did not let the employer know she was stressed but she did complain about the work load and the employer made no attempts to reduce her workload as a result they were found liable and Mrs Daw was awarded  £114,764 plus interest. The employer was deemed to have failed in their duty of care to Mrs Daw. This again can be seen in the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dickens v O2 PLC [2008]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Again in this case the employee complained of being overworked and her pleas were ignored and she was signed off on anxiety and depression (recognised disabilities). This employee was awarded in excessive of  £100,000. Based on the above there is a clear duty of care owed to Nicolas from his employer. Reviewing the information provide to me and the review I have done on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Employment Equality Acts [1998 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2011]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which lends itself due to the circumstances to the , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, (2005)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Organisation of working time Act ( 1997)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  I have made the following suggestion to Nicolas (1) Firstly he needs to approaches his employer make them aware of his condition. (2) He needs to request that he be put on the day shift where there are other employees on the same shift (3) His workings hours are to be reduced in line with what was set out in his contract of employment. Failing I mentioned to him that his employer has the right to refer him to a medical practitioner nominated by the company at any stage to verify his illness. The basis of this referral has to be made clear to the employee. Case Notes Carrie Kiernan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ref CK1 Background I had a meeting with Carrie Kiernan on Wednesday 1t of September 2013 regarding her pregnancy and her employment with Home Securities. Carrie is currently 15 weeks pregnant and she works in a physical job. Carrie is currently employed as a CCTV camera installer and repairer. I asked Carrie to give me a breakdown of he r daily duties and working conditions. Carries starts work at 7.30am daily Monday to Friday and finished at 5-5.30 pm. Her day includes the installation of CCTV cameras and any hard ware associated with the equipment. To install the cameras Carrie has to use scissor lifts, cherry pickers, safety harness and ladders to access the areas where cameraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s have to be installed. Carries job on occasion also involves her having to access enclosed spaces to run cables and installations accessories. Carries wants to know where she stands in regards to job security when she is no longer physically able to perform her duties detailed in her contract of employment as her pregnancy progresses. After reviewing the Maternity Protection Act (1994 to 2004) I ascertained that the employer will have to perform a rick assessment on if not already done detailing Carrie duties and work environment to ascertain what the risks are to Carrieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Health and Safety and w ell being in her normal day to day duties. I advised Carrie that until I see this assessment I cannot advise her fully. I referred her to the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Susanne Bunning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"v- GT Bunning and Sonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that is not enough for her employers to perform a generic risk assessment as in this case it was ruled the Tribunal said (at paragraph 31): Taken as a whole, we consider the risk assessment to be a superficial and cursory one, inadequate as a generic assessment of risk and bearing no indication that it paid any particular regard to the needs of a woman of child-bearing age. I also referred Carrie to the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Collins V First Quench Ltd [ 31 January 2003]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  where Mrs Collins successfully sued for  £179,000 because her employer failed to carry out a risk assessment and failed to ensure she was not harmed during her work under i.e safe from attack à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“under Regulation 3 of the Management of Hea lth and Safety at work Regulations 1999à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  However in the meantime I advised Carrie that under the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Maternity Protection Act (1994 to 2004)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  she is obliged to let her employer know 4 weeks before she plans on going on maternity leave. I advised Carrie that in light of her current duties that she should advise her employer as soon as reasonable practical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" section 9 para 1(a) of the act requires her to furnish them with a medical certificate to confirm the pregnancy. I advised Carrie that because of her qualification and the nature of her work if the risk assessment she couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t work in her current position and they could not find her work in another department within the company she have to take health and safety leave as laid out in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Maternity Protection Act (1994 to 2004) Section 18 paragraph 1 A Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  it states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“that the employee cannot be moved on a duly sustained grounds and that the work in which the employer proposes is not suitableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  meaning that they cannot put Carrie in work that is not suitable for her. If Carrie has to apply for the Health and Safety leave the employer is obliged[CK1] to pay full salary /wages for the first three weeks and to provide certification after to acknowledge that is leave under the Health and Safety Leave section 18 2 AB . It should be noted that the company must first try to place Carrie in suitable work to avoid unnecessary leave if this situation arises. In relation to the period up to the birth of her child and subsequent maternity leave Carrie if she availed of the Health and Safety benefit she would be paid Health and Safety benefit and paid her normal salary/ wage as it is stated in her contract of employment with Home Securities. This cannot be disputed as it is stated in the Maternity protection Act. Per à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Section 22 subsection 1(a) and Employee on mate rnity (protected leave)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Maternity Protection Actà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  I also informed Carrie that if she had to avail of this leave it cannot be treated as being absent from employment and must be included in payment if contractual and also paid for any accumulated leave of public holidays accrued whilst on she is Maternity leave. In summary my advice to Carrie is to notify her employer of her pregnancy all antenatal appointments. Carrie is also to request the health and Safety assessment they performed for women of childbearing age in that work environment and if it not prepared for one to be prepared for her. If it is deemed her work would put her in danger they can (a) offer her alternative role or if not she can (b) avail of Health and Safety leave. [CK1]

One Page Play Script Free Essays

One-Page Play Script (Carter and Jackson are on horseback looking for a water source) Carter This way! It will take us straight to the river my pops was talkin’ about! Jackson Are you crazy you fool? That route will only get us more lost in the woods, and I’m afraid we might not make it out! Carter But I believe pops knew what he was talkin’ ’bout. He’s traveled around here many times before, he knows more than you do! Jackson I ain’t sayin’ I know more than pop does but I do have a gut feeling and it’s telling me not to go that way. I trust my gut feeling and so should you! Carter But what if your wrong? What will we do then? Jackson I have an idea. We will write a custom essay sample on One Page Play Script or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Why don’t you go your own way and I go my own way? Carter But wouldn’t that be more dangerous? Riding alone for days without end.. Jackson Well then come with me and we will both be safe.. Carter Fine! I will ride along with you, I just hope your gut feeling hasn’t lied to you. The boys rode for 3 days and 2 days without stopping. They were worn out and thirsty. ) Carter Are we almost there? Jackson A few more miles and will find what we’ve been looking for all along. Carter But the sun’s already down and this doesn’t look like a safe place to be. Jackson Will you stop winning (A loud vicious sound was heard from a distance) Carter Did you hear that? Jackson Hear what? Carter That †¦ (The boys stare expressionless straight ahead, being careful not to make any sudden movements. ) How to cite One Page Play Script, Papers

madonna and child Essay Example

madonna and child Essay Giovanni Bellini was born in 1426 1516. He was born in Venice, Italy. His father, Jacopo was also a painter. Giovanni more than likely began his career as an assistant in their fathers workshop. In hisfirst years as an artist Bellini was strongly influenced by his brother-in-law, Andrea Mantegna, from who he took a sculptures figure style. Giovanni Bellini was the founder of founder of the Venetian school of painting. He raised Venice to a centre of renaissance art that rivalled Florence and Rome. I will discuss two of his paintings further on in the essay. Madonna with the child (Greek Madonna) Madonna of the Meadow (Madonna del Prato) Madonna with the Child (Greek Madonna) 1460-64, Bellini Rafaello Santi was born in Urbane on good Friday 6th Aril 1483. His father was a painter and poet and worked for Frederica da Montefelto who was of the most famous princes and art patrons of the early Italian renaissance . Raphael helped his father in his studio from an early age. This is wh ere he is believed to have learned about art. His father died in 1494 and in 1504, Raphael moved to Florence and lived there for four years. He studied works by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo here which inspired him even more. It was in Florence he began his series of Madonnas. I will talk about two of his Madonna paintings later. The Small Cowper Madonna Raphael c1505 In this essay I am going to discuss Raphaels and Bellinis approach to the theme Madonna and child. Both Bellini and Raphael painted many versions of the Madonna and child, both viewed this theme as a religious one however we can see that both portrayed the Madonna and child differently. Raphael painted Madonna and childs relationship as a warm and loving one. Be

See Order Info Example

See Order Info Example See Order Info – Coursework Example Ethics What Would Be The Dilemma And The Implications Of Such A Crime On The Individual, The Family, The Community, And Society Stealing is a crime, which affects the life of individual, family as well as the society. As per the norms of society, any kind of stealing is considered a punishable offence. Similarly, stealing food is a crime and people who are involved into this type of crime should be punishable by law because it affects the life of other people within society and community. The dilemma that is associated with the provided crime scenario is noted to be largely affecting the overall needs of family members, society and community. Rather the basic needs of an individual and stealing for fulfilling such needs can be a serious issue as the person who is involved in this type of crime reflects on his criminal tendencies (FAO Org, 2012). However, in the provided case the purpose of stealing is to arrange the food for the family members and fulfill their basic needs, which is stated as the fundamental duty of the individual. Therefore, in this case it is can be stated that there is a huge amount of moral underpinnings associated with the same. Thus, it is evident from the case scenario a huge amount of dilemma that is associated with meeting the basic needs of the individuals. Rather it is evident that at the ethical grounds meeting with the basic needs of the family is a fundamental duty of the individual whereas taking jurisdiction view the same is punishable before law. Hence, it could be termed that the act that is committed by the individual is noted to be ethically correct whereas the same is violating the needs of legal bindings associated with the same for the overall progression of the society as well as the community (FAO Org, 2012). ReferenceFAO Org. (2012). Social protection of food security. Community on World Food Security, 7-95. See Order Info Example See Order Info – Coursework Example The Affordable Care Act Important Elements of the Affordable Care Act In Relation To Community and Public Health The ‘Affordable Care Act’, which introduced by the US President Barack Obama, possesses certain special attributes. A few of them include free of cost preventive care, discount on the medicinal value for the elders and ensuring providing effective as well as quality care to the patients. Above all, in relation to community and public health, one of the important constituents of the Affordable Care Act is recognized as that it enables free medical coverage for the children until they reach 26 years of age. The Act has been playing a decisive role in the transformation of the existing healthcare system in the nation. Justifiably, the ‘American Nurses Association’ (ANA) has designed a chart based upon the guidelines of the Act, which provides detailed understanding about the recent changes made in the field of healthcare and their implications for fu ture. Apart from this, adopting effective measures towards safeguarding against healthcare fraud is deemed to be the other important element of the above discussed Act (Hall, 2011). Role of the Nurse in Implementing the Affordable Care ActFor the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, the job of the nurses is deemed to be much vital, as their roles are multi-faceted. It has been quite evident that healthcare nurses provide expert treatment services and education to the people who are entitled to receive the same. On the other hand, school nurses promote health prevention measures amid the students of distinct schools. Occupational healthcare nurses are involved in monitoring, promoting and working over environment related concerns. Correctional nurses engage in offering medical services to the prisoners in jail (American Nurses Association, Inc., 2014). Thus, by segregating the job tasks of the various nurses’ type, their role in executing the stated Act can be determined . ReferencesAmerican Nurses Association, Inc. (2014). Health care transformation: The Affordable Care Act and more. Retrieved from nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/HealthSystemReform/AffordableCareAct.pdfHall, M. A. (2011). Risk adjustment under the Affordable Care Act: A guide for federal and state regulators. Issue Brief, 7, 1-11. See Order Info Example See Order Info – Coursework Example Response Paper of Learning Response Paper I did like this article, because it focuses on the problem of seriously ill people. The author considers extremely important issue, namely the issue of futile treatment. Futile treatment is understood as a treatment that is not effective for the patient and as a result, the patient is forced to experience excruciating pain. In fact, futile treatment is often associated with moral dilemmas. Despite the constant development of modern science, medicine still cannot offer an effective treatment for all human diseases. Many patients have to experience serious suffering for the simple reason that the medicine cannot give them an effective treatment able to stop their suffering. In this regard, not only medical staff but also family members of the patient are faced with a serious dilemma. They have to decide whether it makes sense to continue the senseless treatment while their relative is experiencing terrible suffering and asks to save him/her fro m them. The situation is extremely difficult and painful. The relatives of the patient have to give him/her the opportunity to die in peace while it suggests a hasty farewell with the loved one. The value of this amazing article is that it draws attention to the psychological complexity of the situation. The author emphasizes the special role of medical students who should provide psychological assistance to both the patient and his/her relatives. This task is extremely important because a medical student is the mediator between the two sides and he/she should help both sides reach an agreement. In this regard, the work of medical students is very stressful.ReferencesLi, M. (2012). Dealing with futile treatment: A medical students perspective. Australian Medical Student Journal, 3(2), 58-60.

Google Services Privacy and Security Concerns

Google Services Privacy and Security Concerns Insecure Digital World In today’s digital world, the debate surrounding privacy and security cannot be stressed further. Internet users are at a constant risk of privacy and security violations by technology companies. Google Inc. is among the biggest tech companies today with billions of people around the world using its services. Nonetheless, these services have developed numerous concerns surrounding privacy and security. Google services such as Street View does not just take pictures but collects email and WIFI information from unsuspecting users nearby. These warring revelations illustrate an increased concern for privacy and security of users. Numerous Google services continue to violate privacy and security rights of users by not informing them that their information is being collected without their consent. Google Collects Info from People Who May Even not Be Using Their Services Google services violate privacy and security rights by accessing and collecting data from people who may even not be using their services. Rosenfeld states that Google admitted to collecting data and personal information from computers inside homes and buildings using their Google Street View cars that were thought to only take pictures for the service. The type of information collected included private information, emails, and passwords all from unsuspicious users. This tends to be a form of security concern since Google does not seek the consent of users before accessing their information. Moreover, it violates privacy rights as well as acts in an unethical manner by illegally accessing and collecting information from users who are even not using their services. Moreover, Google’s Gmail service was also found to be violating federal wiretap regulations. This is because the email service evaluates the content of all emails on its network using the information to sell it as of fshoots to advertisers. For instance, it is possible if one sends frequent emails about cars they are likely to get advertisements related to cars. Google did not make a point of informing Gmail users that it would collect and create individual profiles and target them with adverts. Again, even people who were sending messages to Gmail addresses did not agree for Google to analyze and use their messages for target advertising. Analyzing each and every message is a clear violation of privacy rights since each person is entitled to his/her privacy. Furthermore, by analyzing all kinds of emails, it is not clear how secure the services are since other people be it Google employees may access sensitive information. The Internet Has Been Overly Commercialized Google is also notorious for illegal tracking of its users who access the Internet. In 2012, Google was exposed for using an illegal code to by-pass anti-tracking abilities of Apple’s Safari browser. The secret and illegal code exposed millions of Safari browser to tracking without their knowledge even if they had turned on the anti-tracking abilities. Eventually, Google was found to have committed a privacy violation and fined $22.5 million by the Federal Trade Commission. The idea of well-respected multinational using secret codes just to track users clearly raises concerns in terms of security and privacy. Google clearly acted unethically in using secret codes without users being aware of tracking their online activities. This means that the company can go to any lengths to pursue its business objectives at the expense of user privacy rights and security. Illegal Collection of WIFI Passwords An additional issue is the illegal collection of WIFI passwords from millions of Android phone users. The company was exposed for collecting WIFI passwords for Android users who backed up their phones and allowed the Google service to restore their new phones. This means that Google knows nearly all WIFI passwords in the world. This is a clear violation of privacy since passwords and other vital information is deemed private and may indeed result in privacy and security concerns when accessed by companies such as Google. In its defense, Google has cited that the company was exploited by top U.S spymasters who illegally collected information without user consent. However, these are mere allegations that have no evidence, but the evidence of privacy and security violations can be proven beyond reasonable doubt. In conclusion, Google services continue to violate privacy and security rights of users by not informing them that their information is being collected without their consent. Some Google services can spy, pry, and secretly track information and user activities online. This tends to create increased concern for privacy and security of users. These issues may be far from resolving as even more advanced Google services are being launched. All stakeholders and mostly users have the obligation to determine where the red line lies to address privacy and security concerns.

Wall-Mart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wall-Mart - Case Study Example Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart are the top retailers in the present American market. Each of them is having more than 1000 stores. Wal-Mart is the king of the ring. It's the number one retailer in United States of America. Target is slowly moving closer to Wal-Mart and has become a tough competitor to Wal-Mart. Kmart has a long history; recently it is trying to emerge from bankruptcy reorganization. Kmart is slowly losing its customers to Wal-Mart. Their strategies include low price and highly qualified customer care service. This factor played an important role in the long-term development of the Hotel. The cheaper prices with high quality service and further free goodies attracted many. Another factor is the customer service. Customer plays an important role in the development of the company because it is the customer who uses the product that was developed by the companies was good at it. Before being bankrupted Kmart was the second best retailer after Wal-Mart. Both companies used different strategies to outsmart each other. They tried different strategies to woo the customers. After coming out from bankruptcy Kmart found that it has lost most of the customers to Wal-Mart and other retailers like Target. Its total net profit also declined considerably. Target took this opportunity to its full advantage and started aggressive campaigning. Though the think tank of Target knew that most of Kmart's customers would go to Wal-Mart rather than coming to Target's stores, they started slashing the prices of the products and announced heavy discounts on them. They used innovative ideas to woo the customers. To maintain its top position Wal-Mart used to slash the rates so that when customers come to purchase the items would buy other products also. These items were termed as loss leaders. Most of the middle class families are Wal-Mart's customers. Target aimed at upper middle class. Because of this stiff competition between Wal-Mart, Kmart, Target, Costco, etc., customer has wide range of choices to choose. Customer can buy products at discount rates. The companies are employing every possible method to woo the customers to their stores. Due to the bankruptcy Kmart lost its most of the investors to other retailing companies. The company that largely profited by this was Wal-Mart that was so much preoccupied of defeating Kmart. Most of the investors purchase bonds. A bond is nothing but a promissory note that the company would repay the sum over a certain period at a certain interest rate. Bonds are also called as debentures. If the company is in trouble and has to be dissolved, bondholders must be paid in full before paying the stockholders.Experts advise the investors to buy both Wal-Mart and Target stock. Both the companies had seen upswing of their net profit in the recent past. In the present market everything sells by brand names, the marketers are expected to put up good brand name products for sale. The purchaser desires to have or own a good brand name product and material with good quality at reasonable and cheaper rate. If the marketers were able to meet this demand of people of the society, definitely there would be a souring business for their product. Wal-Mart from its good service,

Consumer Behaviour and Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Behaviour and Research - Essay Example The theory presents a model that states the factors stimulating individual, group or corporate purchases, the intervening variables that may influence the purchase decisions, and the likely outcome of such purchase decisions. The factors influencing the purchase decision, according to this theory, is the sensitivity to information, perception bias and the active search for information, which ends-up indicating the favorable purchases to be done, based on the buyer preferences (Howard, 1965 p84). This is a progressive development from the earlier utility and Herbert Simon's satisficing life theories, which based the consumer behavior solely on the needs of the individual, ignoring all the intervening factors that could alter the purchase decision (Loudon, 1988 p 48). Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) This theory was developed in 1975, postulating that the buyer decision is fully influenced by beliefs and attitudes (Foxall, 2005 p16). Thus, the process of buyer behavior is preceded by at titude formation, where the buyer evaluates the alternative products and services that are available to satisfy their needs, while gauging each product and services upon its effectiveness and attractiveness. The theory further advanced, to not only look at the attitudes, but also interrogate the behavior depicted by the buyer throughout the purchase decision and execution process (Engel, Kollat & Blackwell, 1968 p10). This advanced the development of the consumer behavior theories further, from a mere focus on the needs and satisfaction process, to the actual involvement of the buyer, in information evaluation and arriving at informed decisions (Massy, Montgomery, & Morrison 1970 p16). The Theory of Planned Behavior This is a buyer intention and prediction analysis... The researcher of this essay aims to analyze the consumer behavior, that usually depicts the processes by which individuals or groups of people secure, utilize and dispose products or services, in a bid to satisfy their needs. Today, there are various theories that have been put across to explain the consumer behavior. Notably, theories of consumer behavior have been widely developed since 1800 to present day, with subsequent theories improving and expanding the previous ones. The development in the theories of buyer behavior took an upward trend starting 1950, with many researchers keenly engaging in the evaluation of the factors that influences the consumption behavior in individuals. The consumer behavior theories that have been subsequently developed include: Herbert Simon's satisficing life theory, the Theory of Buyer Behavior, Theory of Reasoned Action, The Theory of Planned Behavior. These theories were analyzed in details in this essay. The researcher also described the onlin e buying, that has become a norm for many people, owing to the recent technological developments that allow individuals to purchase products and have them delivered, in the comfort of the houses. While traditionally people used to visit stores and premises to inspect the products on sale, they are currently viewing the products online, while assessing their features and usability from the seller’s website, so that straight-to-the-point description of the products are needed for the implementation of the successful strategy.

Theory Of Tourism Demand

Theory Of Tourism Demand Presently, considerable research in the field of economics of tourism since the 1970s led to well established models and methodologies to quantify tourism demand. Main factors that proved its significance are for example income in the country of origin, relative tourism prices at the destination, or substitute prices of an alternative destination. On the other hand travel motivation has been a focus within destination choice theories. The typical tourist undertakes several steps before deciding for a vacation destination. Each stage is influenced by internal and external stimuli and the tourists intention maximize its utility, thus to make the most of it. It becomes apparent that the root of total tourism demand lies within both economic and socio-psychological theories. It is the intention of the thesis to therefore propose a combined framework. In order to prove its validity a survey will be conducted to capture stereotypes associated with Ireland and the Irish and to what extend this influences Ireland as a destination choice. The results will then be incorporated into the new framework to help future research testing other variables. Literature Review Theory of Tourism Demand Research differentiates between two major approaches to analyze tourism demand: Tourism economists mainly consider an economic framework while travel motivation mainly applies a socio-psychological framework (Goh, 2012). The following paragraphs will go into more detail on each of the theories to illustrate that tourism demand can be derived from theories of destination choice as well as market demand theory. Although studying the characteristics of tourism is a comparably new era starting in the 1960s, this industrys excessive growth has also led to an equally extensive evolution as a field of study and consequently its methods and findings. Neoclassical economic theory usually assumes a multi-stage budgeting process for every choice for a certain product or service. Within a tourism context this process can be divided as in Figure . Additionally, each stage corresponds to a utility maximization problem where the consumer subconsciously intends to maximize the utility of the choices within the given budget constraint (Smeral Weber, 2000). As Figure illustrates the budget line shows how different combinations of tourism expenditure could be allocated to the destinations, but the indifference curve shows that the tourist wishes to allocate set proportions of the budget to each (Sinclair Stabler, 1997). The most recent review papers by Song and Li (2008) and Song et al. (2012) summarize the research progress made in respect of approaches, applied methods, innovations, emerging topics, research gaps, and directions for future research. According to their assessment a number of researchers have created and tested a variety of demand models for different destinations in order to quantify its impacts. Most commonly the number of arrivals is used as the indicator for total tourism demand of a destination, although tourist expenditure, and tourist nights in registered accommodations were chosen in some studies. Predominantly considered determinants that empirically proved to have an impact on tourism demand were: Income in country of origin Relative tourism prices at destination Substitute prices of alternative destination Travel cost Marketing expenditure One-off events (Song, et al., 2009) While total impact and its explanatory variables have been thoroughly investigated through several econometric models, little attention is placed to the social context of tourism decision making: Traditional demand theory does not explain how preferences and tastes are formed and change [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (Sinclair Stabler, 1997, p. 29). Decision-making processes, its components and generalized frameworks have been widely researched over the past decades (Crompton Um, 1991; Woodside Lysonski, 1989). Decrop (2005) for example classified the factors of tourists decision-making process into six cognitive constructs: Tourist perception Learning and attitude Personality and self-concept Motivation and involvement Emotion Context On the contrary, Crompton and Um (1991) explain how tourists perception of a destination is influenced by internal and external inputs (see Figure ). Connecting the findings of Heung et al. (2001) review about major vacation motives and Gallarza et al. (2002) findings on attributes related to the destination image, it becomes apparent that research exploring factors influencing destination choice has been extensive. Despite the wide recognition of Um and Cromptonss framework of a multi-stage destination choice and acceptance that beliefs and attitudes are related to destination preferences, they are some restrictions when it comes to the act of purchasing a vacation at a destination. During the early stage of selecting a destination socio-psychological factors such as image or beliefs are significant indicators in specifing which destination evolved to a late consideration stage. However, the ultimate selection depends to a higher magnitude on perceived inhibtors acting on a potential traveler such as monetary constraints (Crompton Um, 1992). According to Crompton and Ums findings in the consumer behavior, tourism, and recreation choice literature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦constraints should be integrated into the cognitive choice process. (Crompton Um, 1992, p. 97) Figure : Framework of decision-making process by Crompton and Um (1991) (Source: Own illustration) Similarly, very few prior studies focused on the influence of socio-psychological factors on demand itself. During the 1970s several studies concluded that a large number of explanatory variables affecting demand are too small to have a significant influence, but if aggregated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦are likely to be as important as prices and income in determining travel growth. (Goh, 2012, p. 1862). Additionally, OHagan and Harrison (1984) again proved the high significance of non-economic factors in their study. The main reason for omitting relevant variables in tourism demand theory is its difficulty to define and collect accurate measures (Song Witt, 2000). Attempts to integrate socio-psychological factors into tourism demand models have failed due to the lack of appropriated procedures and econometric models. As most these factors are more commonly interrelated a new more complex modeling approach would have to be designed and tested. As Stabler notes: Though motivations and preferences, in which images are embodied, are acknowledged as being important, they tend to be ignored by main stream economists, because they are either assumed to be relatively stable and therefore do not influence the model, or are considered too complex to cope with. (Stabler, 1988, p. 137) In summary, apart from each other the economic perspective as well as the socio-psychological aspect has been subject to extensive research. Both fields of study realize their incompleteness when it comes to assessing tourist behavior and demand. However, to fully comprehend and measure the tourism demand, theories of destination choice and theory of market demand should be combined to create an in-depth understanding (Goh, 2012). Stereotyping Social categorizing allows people to respond quicker to a range of perceptual impressions. As Lustig and Koester (1999) state the way humans process can be broken down into three aspects: Conceptual categories  [1]   Ethnocentrism  [2]   Stereotyping For this thesis most important, is the effect of stereotyping. First mentioned by Lippmann in 1922 it refers to a selection process to simplify our perception of others; creating pictures in our heads (Lippmann, 1922, p. 5). Basically, the cognitive representations of a group influence our thinking, judgment and behavior of people within that group. Hewstone and Brown (1986) defined three characteristics of stereotypes: Often individuals are categorized, usually on the basis of easily identifiable characteristics such as sex or ethnicity. A set of attributes is ascribed to all (or most) members of that category. Individuals belonging to the stereotyped group are assumed to be similar to each other, and different from other groups, on this set of attributes. The set of attributes is ascribed to any individual member of that category (p. 29) Thus, after defining an out-group, they, on the basis of their differing characteristic to oneself, the dissimilarities are emphasized and extended in order to create a more distinct division between the social groups. Last, the characteristics are attributed to all members of that group, resulting in a person not being treated as an individual, but as a typical example of a category (Lustig Koester, 1999; Hinton, 2000). Before judging, people rarely gather a sufficient amount of information from various resources. Most commonly, they had a direct experience with a few people of the out-group, received information and opinions second hand such as from friends or relatives, were influenced by the output of the mass media, or just general pigeonhole thinking (Brewer, 1996). These sources that form a stereotype initially are moreover the multipliers and causes for stereotypes shared by an entire social group. As Stangor and Schaller (1996, pp. 4-5) mention: From one perspective stereotypes are represented within the mind of an individual person. From the other perspective, stereotypes are represented as part of the social fabric of a society, shared by the people within the culture. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Because group values and group behavior provide the underlying foundation of stereotyping, stereotypes only have meaning to the extent they are culturally shared. Stereotyping is therefore not only an indiv idual problem, but when they are shared within a society; they have a considerable (positive or negative) impact on the labeled individual or group. As diverse and intricate as the environment appears to be and as useful as it seems to simplify this complexity by structuring, the more dangerous it becomes to misjudge and have inaccurate assumptions. Judd and Park (1993) assessed three major phenomena resulting from stereotyping: The so-called out-group homogeneity effect causes the person in the in-group to consider members of the out-group to be much more similar to one another than in reality. Second, humans tend to make wrong or inappropriately exaggerated assumptions about the group average, such as when all US Americans are assumed to be friendly and service-oriented, but also superficial. Third, the phenomenon of prejudices occurs when there is a negative valence inaccuracy, thus a negative attribute is weighted more important while the positive is being ignored or underestimated. For instance, when visiting the US a tourist could stereotype all Americans being superficial or insincere (the negative attribute), but disregar ding the fact that they are highly service and customer oriented (positive attribute). Conversely, one can show a positive valence inaccuracy. As Kunda and Scherman-Williams already proved in 1993 imprecise stereotyping can eventually lead to false interpretation of ambiguous incidents. Consider, for example, the unambiguous event of losing a soccer game. Ethnic stereotypes could relate the failure to laziness if the team was from Germany or low ability if the team is Kazakhstani. Thus, stereotypes will affect judgments of the targets ability even if subjects base these judgments only on the act, because the stereotypes will determine the meaning of the act. (Kunda Sherman-Williams, 1993, p. 97) Stereotypes even have consequences for future behavior. An investigation by Seta and Seta (1993) revealed the following results: The stereotype would persist even after the subjects were exposed to a disconfirming behavior as they expected a future action would compensate for the atypical behavior If a subjects stereotype would be consistently challenged by a member of the stereotyped group then expected compensatory behavior would cease. Nevertheless, the subject still expects another member of the group to make up for the disconfirming behavior. This way people are still able to anticipate certain future events without making it necessary to revise their deeply set beliefs and values. In conclusion, stereotypes are highly subjective, but because experiences and events are shared through various channels, it can eventually lead to a shared consensus. Although categorizing helps an individual to cope with an ambiguous environment more efficiently, caution has to be exercised to avoid unjust judgment of others behavior. Stereotyping is a strong set of beliefs and values, which is difficult to overcome for an individual and consequently even less likely for an entire social group. Conclusion Literature review gives a scattered insight into tourism behavior and demand. The field of tourism economics with its consistent developments in methodological innovations, research progresses, and different approaches consists of a comprehensive body of knowledge and theoretical foundations. Similarly, extensive research in the tourist behavior area and especially the understanding of decision-making process has led to a number of frameworks and assessment methods. Apart from each other, both have empirically and qualitatively evidence for a number of factors influencing the consumer equilibrium the point at which the tourists economical constraints intersects with the consumer indifference curve. Thus, market demand is proven to be depicted from economical as well as socio-psychological theories. However, only very few studies attempted to combine and investigate their relationship and impact. Factors influencing destination choice and destination image are many. Stereotypes are one of numerous causes shaping personality and beliefs. Due to its persistent nature and difficulty to overcome deeply held principles, stereotypes proved to be highly influential on expectations towards future situations peoples behavior. Thus, although stereotyping is a commonly known phenomena its implications into tourism theories is yet limited. The literature gave a profound understanding of economic and non-economic tourism theories as well as origin and impact of stereotypes on social behavior. It is the papers intention to prove a significant relationship between stereotypes and its influence on destination choice. Research Problem Research Problem It is evident from the literature that market demand as well as destination choice theory face constraints when trying to explain the complexity of tourists choices. Despite their methodological developments in econometric models over the past decades, integrating qualitative as well as quantitative measures has failed due to lack of available data or complexity. Similarly, socio-psychological frameworks tend to omit inhibitors and constraints such as budget. From the research problem identified above, the research question can be formulated as follows: To what extend can stereotypes be classified as a relevant factor influencing tourism demand? In other words, the author will intends to link both economic and socio-psychological factors into tourism demand theory. Further, it is hypothesized that stereotypes have a significant impact on the decision-making process of tourists and thus tourism demand in general. Research Objectives The research objectives are generated from the research question and should provide clearer sense of purpose and direction for the researcher (Baker, 2000). The following research objectives arise from the hypothesis above: Establish a framework that includes both socio-psychological and economic factors Song et al. (2012) as well as Song Li (2008) noted in their review papers that developments in tourism demand are limited to quantifiable measures. During their early works Crompton Um (1992) realized as well that the destination choice process is not limited to intrinsic motivators. Goh (2012) recently proposed an initial framework linking destination choice and theory of market demand. Investigate on stereotypes existing towards Ireland/Irish Seta Seta (1993) found that stereotypes deep-rooted and difficult to overcome. Stereotypes about Ireland and the Irish are widespread which could be due to its high emigration throughout the previous centuries. Since its subjective nature social science has not scientifically named or analyzed existing stereotypes. It will ths become essential to collect primary data. Analyze connection between existing stereotypes and willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination The multi-stage destination decision-making process has most commonly been researched by Crompton Um (1991; 1992) and Decrop (2005). Influencing factors are numeral and their magnitudinal impact depends on the stage of the process as well. Assess to what extend the economic tourism demand formula can be extended by the socio-psychological factors Research integrating socio-psychological aspects with tourism demand theory is limited. For example, Goh (2012) was able to link the factor weather with tourism demand theory. Based on the framework established from the first objective the author intends to generalize the findings. Research Method The methodology outlines how the research objectives are to be achieved within the given time frame and explains the rationale behind the chosen method (Saunders, et al., 1997). Special emphasize is to be placed on the research design, data collection, and ethical implications. Research Design In order to resolve the above mentioned research objectives a triangulate approach has been chosen, applying both quantitative as well as qualitative methods. First, in order to fully comprehend and test the relationship between stereotypes and tourism demand, a framework needs to be created which stems from economical as well as consumer choice theory. This inductive and more discovery-oriented approach is necessary due to the lack of available research and quantitative data that combined the two fields of study. Through an investigation of the literature about economic tourism demand and socio-psychological theory, the exploratory research will confidently result in a comprehensive tourism demand framework. Additionally, it will clarify the authors understanding about the separateness and consequently help to successfully commence with subsequent objectives (Heath Tynan, 2010). The main focus of this thesis will rely on a positivist approach though, thus deducing a hypothesis from the theory and empirically testing it (Saunders, et al., 1997). The intention is to quantitatively prove a causal relationship between stereotypes and tourism demand. From the literature review it can be concluded that socio-psychological factors play a major role when deciding for a destination and as a result imply to have certain impact on tourism demand of that destination. However, this hypothesis has not been tested yet. In order to do accomplish objectives two and three a survey will be conducted among people who have not visited or lived in Ireland. Conducting surveys allows the researchers to have more control over the research process and is widely perceived as authoritative by people in general (Saunders, et al., 1997). According to an analysis from Irelands national tourism board Fà ¡ilte Ireland its main markets are Britain, North America, France, and Germany (Fà ¡ilte Ireland, 2011). The author intends to collect sufficient amount of data from at least two source countries, namely United States and Germany. As the survey is standardized it will be easier to distribute to the different nations and later compare the received results. It aims at collecting cross-sectional data about the kinds of stereotypes existing towards Ireland and the Irish as well as the participants willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination based on their held beliefs. Regression analysis will then allow the author to conduct the fourth step of positivist research: Examining the specific outcome of the inquiry. It will either tend to confirm the theory or indicate the need for its modification (Robson, 2002, pp. 18-19) According to Saunders et al. (1997) the data collected might not reach such a wide range as a qualitative research method would due to the limited number of questions a questionnaire can contain. However, in case the conducted survey does not give sufficient causal explanation, thus its validity and reliability cannot be assured, additional secondary data from a recent survey by Fà ¡ilte Ireland could be analyzed who interrogated tourists that have chosen Ireland as a vacation destination (Fà ¡ilte Ireland, 2011). It is important to note though, this data can only serve supplementary as a clear distinction between stereotypes and other reasons to choose Ireland has not been considered. The reason for choosing a positivist approach is the advantages that come with it. Its deductive nature allows the application of a rigorous structure that would make this hypothesis applicable to generalization and give an opportunity for further research to test other socio-psychological factors (Easterby-Smith, et al., 2001). The last objective intends to incorporate the findings from the survey into the framework proposed at the beginning of the research applying the knowledge gained throughout the thesis. If the survey were to prove the causal relationship between stereotypes leading to higher likeliness to choose Ireland, the hypothesis demonstrated its validity. The fourth objective is to conclude to what extend the findings can be generalized and applied to other non-economic factors. Data Collection As mentioned above the main purpose of this thesis is a survey among US and German citizens collecting empirical data about stereotypes towards Ireland and the Irish as well as their willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination based on their held beliefs. Irish born as well as residents who previously visited Ireland are excluded. This specification is especially relevant as stereotypes root mainly from other peoples experience (i.e. visitors to Ireland) and/or limited familiarity with the other social group (i.e. Irish emigrants) (Brewer, 1996). The author targets to gain 50 utilizable questionnaires from each nation, totaling to n=100. In order to ensure a high number of participants from Germany the survey will be translated into German as well. Distribution will primarily be channeled as a web questionnaire through social media. This note only enables the survey to reach a wide range of potential partakers and guarantees there anonymity, but also ensures a certain level of randomness which is one of the main challenges when conducting surveys. Although the author cannot fully exclude a connection with all the participants, the potentially exponential circulation minimizes this risk. The data then will be used for a linear regression analysis in order to validate how the independent variable (stereotype) impacts the dependent variable (select Ireland as vacation destination). The linear regression will only be an approximation of the true relationship though, as it is not possible to include all the variables which may have an influence on the dependent variable (Koop, 2009). The omission of these variables in the model is referred to as the error term. The basic regression model is written as where y equals dependent variable (select Ireland as vacation destination), coefficients ÃŽÂ ± and ÃŽÂ ², x represents the independent variable (stereotype), and refers to the error term. A null hypothesis test will be applied to determine whether results are statistically significant. Main problems arising using regression analysis can be autocorrelation, omitted variable bias and multi-collinearity (Koop, 2009). As the hypothesis is only testing the impact of one independent variable on one dependent variable, autocorrelation can be neglected. Similarly, multi-collinearity, evident through high p-values and low t-stats can be excluded as only one explanatory variable is applied. However, omitted variable bias can lead to unreliable coefficients if an explanatory variable which may have an impact on the dependent variable are omitted from the data set. However, as mentioned above it is nearly impossible to include all explanatory variables, which is why the error term is included. The values of the coefficients will nevertheless be treated with caution. Ethical considerations have to be taken into account as well. The online survey ensures the participants anonymity and no personal data will be collected. Additionally, it goes without saying that the author conducts this hypothesis in an objective and non-discriminatory manner. Stereotypes have a tendency to classify or even favor one social group over the other. The thesis is not intended to strengthen or overcome beliefs towards Ireland or the Irish, but to capture a snapshot of existing stereotypes.